February 26, 2003 HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATED BY GOVERNMENT I. The United States must pursue a policy designed to promote human rights in Iran to end the threat of terrorism that originates there. II. Limiting human rights increases the likelihood of terrorism. A. The attack of September eleventh composed of terrorist groups whose governments have little value on civil liberties. 1.Afghanistan had barely any respect for human rights of its citizens. 2.The afghan people revolted and cause global terrorist attacks. B. Iran bombed the Khobar Towers as an act of terrorism. III. Putting limits upon rights caused chaos in Iran's society and promoting policies can eliminate the chaos. A. Clinton's foreign policies impacted the government of Iran. 1. The improvement of law enforcement and intelligence cooperation will help bolster laws against money laundering, financial crimes, and asset forfeiture laws. 2. Advancement of peace in the Middle East eliminates weapons of mass destruction. B. Clinton proposed a “dual containment” policy. IV. The only way to safeguard human regards finding a state of equilibrium. A. Institutions create constraining forces in society. 1. Institutions must be run by particular human individuals who regulate the social and political behavior of persons. 2. Institutions must input and output commands and information. B. Auxiliary institutions needed to strengthen the arms of individual people to exert their rights in society as society sees it. 1. These institutions include press, political parties, and "watchdogs." 2. These institutions also conduct surveys and asses the performances of constraining institutions. V. Military intervention is not the best solution. A. The heat in Iran would damage our military tools. B. Heat sensors would fail miserably and lead to defeat. VI. If Iran would join NATO and agree to the terms of it, this could terminate terrorism in the state. A. NATO has policies which safeguard all members in it. B. NATO has much to offer to countries like Iran to help Iran get back on it’s feet. VII. Promoting policies in the Middle East that end violated human rights proves to help prevent terrorism. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FOREIGN POLICIES IMPROVE HUMAN RIGHTS AND REDUCE TERRORISM The mindset of today sets upon the idea of peace in the world. With terrorism nipping at the feet of destruction of humanity, terrorism must cease to reduce threats against world peace by finding a solution to solve the problems in the Middle East. Ideally, solving problems with Iran takes one huge step towards the goal of peace in the Middle East. The United States must pursue a policy designed to promote human rights in Iran to end the threat of terrorism that originates there. Previous attacks of terrorism include the attacks of September 11th, 2001 on the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington, D.C., and the Iranian attack on the Khobar Towers in Saudi Arabia (Saxton 1). Afghanistan was in the middle of a civil war that led to the Taliban’s abusing of human rights movement which condemns terrorism in contexts of civil wars (Ross 2). Conflicts in Afghanistan also led to the attacks on the World Trade Center in the United States of America. The attacks of Taliban revolved around violations of the laws of war, treatment upon refugees and displaced persons, U.S. led bombings and violations of human rights by warlords and their armies (Ross 2-3). The same goes with the Khobar Towers which killed nineteen American personnel as well as many others (Saxton 1). Terrorist acts by criminal gangs or solitary individuals pertain to matters of local law enforcement. However, the world may argue otherwise that the Khobar Towers and the attacks on September 11th, 2001 deal with international law (Saxton 3). Posing military intervention in Iran would not be the best solution. Sending our armies into Iran in the smoldering heat during this time of year reduces our technological advantages. The heat sensors that equip the military personnel in warfare today would not work as effectively on a hot day. The heat sensory images would show up fuzzy and distorted and since people have the same heat temperatures as a normal hot day in Iran, detecting people in buildings would be virtually impossible. That would set America at an extreme disadvantage. Going into Iran for war would also pose the threat of a potential World War Three. All of the Islamic states like Iraq would step in and use their weapons of mass destruction and basically blow humans off the face of the earth. All in all, military intervention would not work as effectively as promoting policies would. Chaos in a society usually exemplifies a government of disorder and autocracy. Iran’s government relies on the idea of voluntary administration (Aliabadi 1). A society employs voluntary administration works when using a command. The government employees are free to perpetrate the issue in any way that they interpret it. Promoting policies to the voluntary administration of Iran, or Iran’s leader Muhammad Khatami, can eliminate the chaotic society that makes up Iran (Aliabadi 2). Some areas of concern involve "Iran’s weapons of mass destruction; its sponsorship of terrorism; its support for violent opposition for the Middle East peace process; its threats to regional stability; and its domestic human rights." (Fairbanks 4). William Clinton, the former president of the United States of America, proposed policies in an attempt to bring peace between the United States of America and Iran. Clinton’s proposed policies include the improvement of law enforcement and intelligence cooperation in Iran. These proposed policies attempt to bolster the laws against financial crimes, money laundering, and benefit forfeiture laws. Although, Clinton devised a containment policy, its basis relies upon American objection to Iranian practices. Iran’s practices of sponsorship of international terrorism and acquisition of weapons of mass destruction and to the Arab-Israeli peace process abuse human rights (Fairbanks 3). Iran unfortunately accepts these practices and ensures claim that the United States of America does not understand and accept the ideals and values of its Islamic Revolution but Iran continues its Islamic Revolution and continues to establish the issues of controversy. Clinton continues to enforce the idea of peace in the Middle East in hope to eliminate fabrication of weapons of mass destruction in Iran and other Islamic countries (Christopher 3-4). Unfortunately, leading figures argue that the containment strategy neither works, nor the strategy of improvement in law enforcement and intelligence cooperation. There are no likely signs of collapse in the Islamic regime. Luckily, the election of Muhammad Khatami leads to a new reform in the Islamic government. Because of the Clinton policies and pressure from other nations, Khatami’s plans to enhance Iran’s market economy and integration in the international system in high hopes that these would fortify democracy and civil liberties in Iran (Bahgat 4). One more policy that Clinton has proposed is a "dual containment" policy. The policy involves threats posed by both Iran and Iraq. The United States of America should ensure that Iran would not be able to pursue trade relations with the rest of the world. The United States of America would also pursue a ban on trade with Iran. Also, the executive order enforced a ban on the Iranian energy sector. These improvements help the chances of peaceful relations between the Islamic Republic and its neighboring states (Fairbanks 4). Promoting North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in Islamic states who own controversial issues on human rights would help Iran form and alliance with other safe nations and reduce all threats of international war. NATO also offers security guarantees, something that Iran lacks greatly. The advantages that NATO offer to Iran strength in the alliance’s ability to contribute to European and international security including peace keeping activities, reinforcement toward integration and cooperation in Europe based on shared democratic values, emphasis on common defense and extension of benefits and increased transparency in defense planning and military budgets (NATO 150-154). NATO also allows promotion of good-neighborly relations. Some other advantages of NATO would greatly help Iran become a stable country compromised of fostering patterns and habits of cooperation, consultation and consensus building (NATO 166). To sign NATO would commit Iran to function in accordance with the concept of collective defense. The signing with NATO would also ensure survival and physical security for Iran. NATO encourages and supports democratic reforms, including democratic control over military. (NATO 154-165). This would greatly help characterize relations among current allies. Another promotion of policy designed to eliminate terrorism engenders the idea of an equilibrium used as a safeguard. Iran currently has institutions that consist of a way to constrain forces introduced in society. The institutions are also designed to be run by a particular type of human individual. These human individuals are the base of inputs and outputs of commands of the institution. The institutions share with human individual decision making capabilities and functionally defined by rules and regulations (Aliabadi 350-360). Institutions also exercise authority in the hands of certain individuals. Institutions pose problems because they allow power to rest in those certain individual’s or social agents hands. The social agents can interpret the rights and responsibilities as they see it. Institutions also known as auxiliary institutions need to strengthen the arms of individual people to exert their rights in society as society sees it. The auxiliary institutions include the press, political parties, and "watch dogs." The auxiliary institutions conduct surveys which help contribute to the performances of constraining institutions and also help promote a separation of power (Fairbanks 2). Ridding of these institutions, promoting a separation of power of government, and avoiding autocracy would safeguard human rights because all the power would not rest solely in one or more major authoritarians. Human rights prevail and would cause more freedom of the Iranian people. If the institutions are separated from each other, less power will be generated from them. Also, the workings of these institutions are subject to scrutiny of the persons over whom they exercise power; the less excess power will be generated in them. The less power generated would ultimately result in the institutions abuse (Aliabadi 350-360). Foremost, other institutions create to oversee and approve the performances of former institutions; thus leading to the creations of an equilibrium. In conclusion, promoting policies in the Middle East which end violated human rights proves to help prevent terrorism in all aspects. Terrorism originates and will terminate in Iran and the people will gain the rights and civil liberties they desire. Iran would greatly appreciate all of the help and relations it would receive and its citizens would not worry about chaotic attacks of terrorism on other nations or by other nations. WORKS CITED
Aliabadi, Youssef S. "The Idea of Civil Liberties and the problem of Institutional Government in Iran." Social Researcher. 22 June 2000: 1-32. EBSCO Host. West Chester University, West Chester. 20 Feb. 2003. Keyword: Civil Liberties, Iran. Bahgat, Gawdat. "Foreign Policy." Asian Affairs. June 1998: 141. Academic Search Premier. West Chester University, West Chester. 27 Feb. 2003. Keyword: Foreign Policy, Iran. Christopher, Warren. "Clinton’s Foreign Policy: Internationalism, not Isolationism." Current. West Chester University, West Chester. July 1995. Keyword: Civil Liberties, human rights, Iran. Fairbanks, Stephen C. "Iran: No Easy Answers." Journal of International Affairs. May 2001: Academic Search Premier. West Chester University, West Chester. 19 Feb. 2003. Keyword: Iran, Policies. "NATO 1949 and NATO 2000: From Collective Defense Toward Collective Security." Journal of Strategic Studies. Sept. 2003: 1-23. Academic Search Premier. West Chester University Library, West Chester. 27 Feb. 2003. Keyword: NATO. Ross, James D. "Promoting Human Rights." Ethics & International Affairs. May 2001: Academic Search Premier. West Chester University. West Chester. 27 Feb. 2003. Keyword: human rights, Iran. Saxton, Jim. "USS Cole Bombing." FDHC Congressional Testimony. 14 June 2001: Military & Government. West Chester University, West Chester. 27 Feb. 2003. Keyword: Khobar Towers.
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