WWII VI. The Second World War A. Fdr’s Foreign Policy 1. Recognition of the Soviet Union * 1933- Granted Diplomatic recognition of the Soviet Union *U.S.- Desired Foreign Trade 2. Philippine Independence *Tydings-McDuffie Act- Promised the Philippines complete Independence within a decade 3. The Good neighbor Policy *U.S.- Would be “the neighbor who respects himself and the rights of others.” *Became the label for his Latin American Policy 4. Totalitarian Aggression a. Japanese in China *1931- Seized Manchuria *1937- Attacked China US Gunboat Panay- Sunk by Japanese of Yangize River b. Italians in Africa *1935- Italy invaded Ethiopia *Dreamed of another Italian Empire c. German Expansion *Germany- Building an enormous army, making new weaopons at frightening speed and menacing neighbors. *militarization of Rhineland *March 1938- Seized Austria and Switzerland *Sept 1938- Munich Pact- An attempt to appease Hitler: Dismember Czech. And give a portion tp Germany *March 1939- Hitler seized the rest of Czech; appeasement was a failure. *Sept 1, 1939- Germany Invaded Poland, WWII began. *Sept 3, 1939- G.B. and France declare war on Germany 5. Rise of isolationism *Most govt. officials and citizens in the 1920’s were isolationists. *felt US should avoid alliances and agreements with other nations. *NYE Committee- Investigated U.S. entry into WWI. *Findings: a. International bankers drew U.S. entry into WWI. b. Munitians- Pressed for American entry into war. * Isolation dominated U.S. Foreign policy in 1930’s. 6. Neutrality Legislation *Neutrality Act, 1935- Authorized the President to bar arms sales to warring nations *1936- Extended neutrality legislation- Put limits on sale of arms and belligerents 7. Destroyer-Base Deal *FDR- Traded 50 old destroyers for the use of 8 British naval bases. *Legally tried to help allies secure supplies. 8. Lend-Lease *U.S. would lend or “lease” whatever war supplies we could make *sent supplies to any nation Pres. Considered vital to defense of the U.S. 9. Atlantic Charter *FDR and Churchill met- wanted better future for the world. *U.S. and B.B.- seeked no territorial gains. 10. Effects of the war on the 1940 election *republican nominee-Wendell L. Wilkie *opposed the New deal *Democratic nominee-FDR *both wanted aid to G.B. *FDR won *First President elected to a 3rd term. 11. The Battlefield is everywhere *New Warfare *Blitzkrieg- Lightning warfare- Adolf’s new strategy *depended on air power, struck like lightning from the sky. *Used the fastest new Vehicles- Airplanes, Tanks, motorcycles, trucks *struck quickly at the heart of enemy territory *1940- In England- Winston Churchill became Prime Minister 12. U.S. prepares for war *FDR warned the U.S. to rearm *Wanted billions of dollars to create a two-ocean navy. *Also, size of the air force greatly increased 13. Battle of the Atlantic *German submarine “Wolf packs” sunk tons of allied supplies *Subs had to be beaten and soon *Radar and sonar were invented; both could destroy subs 14. Japanese American Relations *1931-1940- Jap. Military aggression was militarily opposed by the U.S. *1940- Japan became a partner of Germany and Italy *Japan attacked and expanded through China July 1941. *U.S. Response: Embargo on all trade with Japan *Japan- Wanted U.S. to cut off all aid to Chinese *U.S.-Demanded Japan Withdraw from China *Japan had no choice: Give up dream of an empire or go to war: they choose war B. America At War 1. Attack on Pearl Harbor *Sunday Dec. 7 1941: Japan attacked the airfield and naval base at Pearl Harbor *Surprise attack- 150 American warplanes *more than 70 civilians and 2300 service men were killed *Next day FDR- Japan’s "Day of Infamy" plunged the U.S. into War.
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