Amendments and Government

Brower vs. Hardwick

-applied to 9^th amendment

-bartender in gay bar, arrested on charge satiny

-gay people having oral sex is illegal

-sentenced for 20 years in jail

-privacy only for prodiation, marriage, and family

-did not win case

2^nd Amendment- US vs. Miller 1939

4^th Amendment- Search and Seizure

-requires search warrants

-requires probably cause

EXCEPTIONS

-if you commit a crime

-at an airport

-evidence in plain sight

-in hot pursuit

-crossing a border

-being arrested

-they think you are armed

-emergency situations

5^th Amendment

-provides w/ due process rights

-protection against double jeopardy

-provides with protection from self incrimination

6^th amendment

-right to speedy and public trial

-right to impartial jury

-right to lawyer

-right to know what you are accused of

-right to question those who are accusing you

-right to compel witnesses to testify

8^th Amendment

-protects from excessive fines and excessive bail

-provides protection against cruel and unusual punishment

14^th Amendment

-protect newly freed slaves from discrimination

-interpreted by supreme court do apply the bill of rights to state gov’t

Civil Rights

-equal justice under one law

-civil rights act 1964

            -provide for protection from discrimination based upon race, gender, religion, or

employment

Civil Rights act 1968

-         provide for protection from discrimination based upon race, gender, religion in public housing.

Voting Rights Act 1965

-eliminated Jim Crow Laws

I. PA State and Local Government

            A. State Government

                        a. Executive Branch

                                    1.governor-chief executive

                                                a. picks most but not all executive agency heads

                                                            1. otherwise powers are similar to presidents

                                    2. lieutenant governor- replaces governor if he resigns or dies

                        b. Legislative Branch

                                    1. The general assembly

                                                a. bicameral

                                                b. power to tax, borrow, and spend

                                                c. makes state law

                                    2. PA Budget

                                                a. revenues-sales tax one of the largest sources of income

                                                b. expenditures

                                    3. Reserved power of the state-regulate business within the state

            B. Local Government

                        1. Counties 67 in number

                                    a. function-law enforcement

                                    b. assessment-done by county-used by municipalities and school

districts

                        2. Municipalities-cities, boroughs and townships

                                    a. function-land use and regulation

                                    b. income-property taxes

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