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Sociology Unit 2 review(Gestures,pp.43-48,57-62) Gestures: Haptics: study of touch Kinesics: body movement Proxemics: use of space Non-verbal communication: 65-90% Darwin- said there were some similarities, involuntary actions. Birdwhistle- nonverbal communication *Comes from symbolic interactionalism* Examples: Manipulators- flipping hair back Illustrators- slamming arm down Emblems- shaking head representing a word Popular-similar meaning in cultures Unique- different special meaning in places. Multi-meaning- means different things in different cultures. #variables: military, immigration, highly urbanized environment. The first gestures were written down 350 years ago. Replication- 7years old. Language: a system of symbols that can be combined in an infinite number of ways and can represent not only objects but also abstract thought. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis: Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf’s hypothesis that language creates ways of thinking and perceiving. Ideal culture: the ideal values and norms of a people, the goals held out for them. Real culture: the norms and values that people actually follow. Cultural Universal: a value, norm, or other cultural trait that is found in every group. Sociobiology: a framework of thought that views human behavior as the result of natural selection and considers biological characteristics to be the fundamental cause of human behavior. Technology: in it’s narrow sense, tools, it’s broader sense includes the skills or procedures necessary to make and use the those tools. New Technology: the emerging technologies of an era that have a significant impact on social life. Cultural lag: William Ogburn’s term for a situation in which nonmaterial culture lags behind changes in the material culture. Cultural diffusion: the spread of cultural characteristics form one group to another. Cultural Leveling: the process by which cultures become similar to one another and especially by which western industrial culture is imported and diffused into industrializing nations. |